p-Cresyl sulfate suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced anti-bacterial immune responses in murine macrophages in vitro
T Shiba, I Makino, K Kawakami, I Kato, T Kobayashi… - Toxicology letters, 2016 - Elsevier
Abstract p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS) is a known uremic toxin that is metabolized from p-cresol
produced by intestinal bacteria. Abnormal accumulation of pCS in the blood is a
characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). pCS is suggested to cause immune
dysfunction and increase the risk of infectious diseases in CKD patients. In this study, we
focused on the effects of pCS on macrophage functions related to host defense. We
evaluated the effects of pCS on cytokine production, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase …
produced by intestinal bacteria. Abnormal accumulation of pCS in the blood is a
characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). pCS is suggested to cause immune
dysfunction and increase the risk of infectious diseases in CKD patients. In this study, we
focused on the effects of pCS on macrophage functions related to host defense. We
evaluated the effects of pCS on cytokine production, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase …
